Need analysis of English skill for business materials

Need analysis is process collecting the information from stakeholder (Educational Institution and Company) about the learners’ need. Need analysis is needed before the materials are used. It is done to identify the materials needs the students based on stakeholder’s perspectives. It gives us a suitable material for the learners’need and the target need. The aim of this research was to find the English skill most needed for Business materials of Business Administration student at Politeknik Negeri Padang. The type of this research was a survey research. The data were collected through questionnaire and interview. The sources of questionnaire data were 20 students of Business Administration at Politeknik Negeri Padang, 3 lecturers of Business Administration at Politeknik Negeri Padang, 20 staff of Telkom SUMBAR, and 36 staff of Bank Nagari. The sources of interview data were 2 students of Business Administration at Politeknik Negeri Padang, 3 English lecturers of Business Administration at Politeknik Negeri Padang, 1 chief of Business Administration at Politeknik Negeri Padang, 2 staffs of company at Telkom Sumbar, 6 staffs of company at Bank Nagari. The finding of this research shows that the material needed by learners more emphasized on English skill of students ; speaking, listening, and reading.


INTRODUCTION
Need analysis is absolutely activities of collecting information.Brown (2001: 35) states that need analysis refer to as the activities involved in gathering information that will serve the basis for developing a curriculum that will meet the learning needs of a particular group of students.He provides clearer intention that need analysis is obtained information.It may be used as the foundation for determining the goals and objectives of the course, developing materials and tests as well as deciding the strategies to be applied in the teaching and learning process.
Related to need analysis materials, Dudley-Evans and St. John (2008: 125) state that needs analysis can be used to dig up what the learners are required to master in order to perform the prescribed tasks.It means that the demand of the target situation which requires the students to function effectively in a particular task.Need analysis is a process of collecting information about students' need in order to obtain the criteria materials needed by the students.To achieve this goal, needs analysis need to be connected with the stakeholders in order to obtain information about what skills mostly required at work are.
In addition, the population for need analysis should appropriately to the target need.Richard (2001:57), the target population refers to the people about whom information will be collected.Typically, in language programs these will be language learners or potential language learners, but other are also often involved depending on whether they can provide information useful in meeting the purposes of the needs analysis.They might include policy makers, ministry of education officials, teachers, students, academics, employers, vocational training specialists, parents, influential individuals and pressure groups, academic specialists and community agencies.

Need analysis of English skill for business materials
There are variety procedures to get the main information for need analysis.Most of researchers use the procedure questioner and interview to get main information.In development, there are many procedures to get the source information for need analysis.Duddley-Evans and St. John (2008) state that the main data collection method for needs analysis are questionnaires, analysis of authentic spoken and written texts, discussion, structured interview, observation and assessments.
The pieces of needs stated by Brindley then are classified by Hutchinson and Waters (2008: 58-63) into two broad terms; target needs (what the learner needs to do in the target situation) and learning needs (what the learner needs to do in order to learn).
The target needs are closely related to the knowledge and skills that the students have to master so that they are able to perform the prescribed tasks at work.Further, Hutchinson and Waters elaborate the elements of target needs into: 1)Necessities: What is necessary in the learners' use of language?For example, do the learners have to write answers to exam questions? 2)Lacks: what do the learners lack?For example, are there aspects of writing that were not practiced in their previous learning (L1, L2)? 3)Wants: what do the learners wish to learn?Meanwhile, sorts of knowledge and skills needed for facilitating the students in learning are learning needs.One of Learning needs for ESP class is the materials.The materials in a course function as a source of language, a learning support, motivation, and reference as stated by Dudley-Evans and St. John (2008:170-171).The learners would acquire vocabulary and learn to construct sentences by making use of the words and their structures through materials presented in the class.By presenting attractive and well-designed materials, the teachers could encourage the student to learn.
A study was done by Nofrina Eka Putri (2015) on English Needs Analysis of Management Students of Faculty of Economy of Universitas Negeri Padang.Nofrina Eka Putri (2015) gathered information viewed from target needs, present needs and learning needs.The results of her research showed that in order to perform appropriately at work, the Management students are required to master English especially speaking and listening skills.
Meanwhile, the ESP course at Business Administration at Politeknik Negeri Padang different with need analysis as found by Nofrina Eka Putri (2015).This research was conducted to gather information only viewed from target needs and learning needs.The material needed by learners need and target need more emphasized on activities of speaking, listening, and reading.Thus, the present research was to identify need analysis English skill for Business material used by Business Administration students of Business Administration program at Politeknik Negeri Padang.Therefore, the results can be as an overview in need analysis for future improvement at ESP class.

METODOLOGI
This research was a survey research intended to identify English skill most needed for Business materials need by students of Business Administration program at Politeknik Negeri Padang are viewed from the participants' point of views.The participants were staffs of Telkom Sumbar and Bank Nagari, students, lecturer, and chief of Business Administration of Business Administration at Politeknik Negeri Padang.The data were collected through questionnaire and interview.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION
The materials needed by Business Administration students in Business Administration students at Politeknik Negeri Padang.
The data were taken from need analysis result.Need analysis about the most importance of English skill: speaking, listening, reading and writing.The sources of data were Telkom Sumbar, Bank Nagari, student, lecturer, and chief of Business Administration at Politeknik Padang Viewed needs, data gather consist of target need and learning need.As stated by Brindley then are classified by Hutchinson and Waters (2008: 58-63) into two broad terms; target needs (what the learner needs to do in the target situation) and learning needs (what the learner needs to do in order to learn).For target need, the data was taken from Telkom Sumbar and Bank Nagari.The data for learning need was taken from Students, lecturers, and chief of Business Administration Politeknik Padang.
Speaking, reading, and listening were most needed skill for Business Materials.It was found from survey each stakeholder (speaking, listening, reading and writing.The sources of data were Telkom Sumbar, Bank Nagari, student, lecturer, and chief of Business Administration at Politeknik Padang).The data presented that Telkom Sumbar staffs frequently used English through speaking and listening.For speaking, the staffs used English in Negotiations with foreign parties with highly percentage 65%.Moreover speaking English in conference, at the seminar, in meeting and summit were important for Telkom Sumbar staffs.Meanwhile speaking English on the phone and at an informal event was not important for Telkom Sumbar staffs.Telkom Sumbar staffs highly percentage used English to listen when meeting in abroad and negotiating with foreign parties with 60%.

Telkom Sumbar
Based on interview, speaking and listening were required at formal and informal situation in Telkom Sumbar.Speaking and listening which comfortable and can reduce misunderstanding in communication with customers.So, the staffs of Telkom Sumbar need to increase their quality of communication, especially at formal situation.In the Telkom Sumbar, Speaking and listening about marketing, finance, and technical were the main topic at formal situation.For example, speak in promoting the product to clients, and listen the complaint of the customers.Daily conversation informally was also support the staff activities.As explained by staff of Telkom Sumbar :

Formal, topiknya tergantung pada marketing, finance, technical, dan daily conversation juga sepertinya.
The translation of statements above: Formally, the topics are marketing, finance, technical, and may be daily conversation.
Need analysis of English skill for business materials The data shown that Bank Nagari staffs were frequently used English through speaking, reading, and listening .Speaking in Conference, at the seminar, on the phone, in meeting, the annual meeting and negotiations with foreign parties with highly percentage 83,3 %.Moreover speaking English at an informal event were important for Bank Nagari staffs.For reading, Bank Nagari staffs have score 75%.The staffs used English to reading the report.And also Bank Nagari staffs important used reading skill to read reference materials, reading messages from e-mail, reading articles from the internet, reading from facsimile, reading the official documents, reading company brochure, reading the company regulations.It was also in order to read the newspaper, reading journals and magazines and reading announcement.The next was listening, Bank Nagari staffs important used listening English in summit, presentation, to the phone, at conference, in annual meeting, when negotiation with foreign parties and to the TV program with highly percentage 80,5%.
Based on interview, Bank Nagari staffs thought English supported activities at the office, more over the activities which have relationship with foreign currency and other bank transaction.There were many term of Bank which used English, so the staff should have understood English.English was required in Bank Nagari even though some division in Bank Nagari did not need skill of English.As stated by one of Bank Nagari staff:

"..In certain division like foreign, legal, foreign currency (fund and treasury), and remitten, English was needed.
Listening and speaking were most needed by staffs.Formally, they have used English when promote the product of Bank Nagari to foreign.The foreign divisions shared information about tourism to the public.Speaking skill had highest with 95 % percentage.It means that speaking skill was chosen by the students to be the most needs.Meanwhile, writing was the lowest score 55%.Reading and writing were higher score than writing.It was added by students of Business Admnistration at Politeknik Negeri Padang, they stated that all skill were important, however the most important skill for Business Administration students was speaking.Speaking was important because the students were required to be expert in public speaking and communicate.