Apakah spiritualitas berkontribusi terhadap kesehatan mental mahasiswa?

Abstract

Spirituality and mental health have become important studies in the world of education. The holistic education paradigm views the two aspects as having a very important role in determining the best development of students and their learning achievements in addition to cognitive and skill aspects. Theoretically mental health is influenced by spirituality. This study examined the effect of student spirituality on mental health in 382 new FITK Uin students Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. The level of mental health was measured using a mental health scale developed by Ryff and Keyes, while spirituality was measured by Religiosity and Spirituality Scale for Youth by Hernandez. The results showed the influence of spirituality on health as much as r = 0.295 and sig. amounting to 0.01. These results explain that spirituality is one of the factors that affect the level of mental health of new students

Keywords
  • spiritualitas
  • kesehatan mental
References
  1. Abdel-Khalek, A. M. (2015). Happiness, health, and religiosity among Lebanese young adults. Cogent Psychology, 2(1), 1035927.
  2. Alzaeem, A. Y., Sulaiman, S. A. S., & Gillani, S. W. (2010). Assessment of the validity and reliability for a newly developed Stress in Academic Life Scale (SALS) for pharmacy undergraduates. International Journal of Collaborative Research on Internal Medicine & Public Health, 2(7), 239.
  3. Auerbach, R. P., Mortier, P., Bruffaerts, R., Alonso, J., Benjet, C., Cuijpers, P., … WHO WMH-ICS Collaborators. (2018). WHO World Mental Health Surveys International College Student Project: Prevalence and distribution of mental disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 127(7), 623–638. https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000362
  4. Bhugra, D., Till, A., & Sartorius, N. (2013). What is mental health? International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 59(1), 3–4. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764012463315
  5. Bhui, K., Stansfeld, S., Head, J., Haines, M., Hillier, S., Taylor, S., … Booy, R. (2005). Cultural identity, acculturation, and mental health among adolescents in east London’s multiethnic community. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 59(4), 296–302.
  6. Blanco, C., Okuda, M., Wright, C., Hasin, D. S., Grant, B. F., Liu, S.-M., & Olfson, M. (2008). Mental Health of College Students and Their Non–College-Attending Peers: Results From the National Epidemiologic Study on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Archives of General Psychiatry, 65(12), 1429–1437. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.65.12.1429
  7. Brackney, B. E., & Karabenick, S. A. (1995a). Psychopathology and academic performance: The role of motivation and learning strategies. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 42(4), 456.
  8. Brackney, B. E., & Karabenick, S. A. (1995b). Psychopathology and academic performance: The role of motivation and learning strategies. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 42(4), 456.
  9. Carter, B. N. (2016). Association of Religious Commitment and Perceived Stress Levels in College Students.
  10. Compton, W. C. (2001). Toward a tripartite factor structure of mental health: Subjective well-being, personal growth, and religiosity. The Journal of Psychology, 135(5), 486–500.
  11. Dangel, T. (2019). Associations between Multidimensional Spirituality and Mental Health: Positive Psychological Traits as Mediators. Disertassion, (12), 111.
  12. Etopio, A. L., Devereux, P., & Crowder, M. (2018). Perceived campus safety as a mediator of the link between gender and mental health in a national U.S. college sample. Women & Health, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/03630242.2018.1549646
  13. Fehring, R. J., Brennan, P. F., & Keller, M. L. (1987a). Psychological and spiritual well-being in college students. Research in Nursing & Health, 10(6), 391–398.
  14. Fehring, R. J., Brennan, P. F., & Keller, M. L. (1987b). Psychological and spiritual well-being in college students. Research in Nursing & Health, 10(6), 391–398.
  15. Hasson-Ohayon, I., Mashiach-Eizenberg, M., Lavi-Rotenberg, A., Brüne, M., & Roe, D. (2019). Emotion identification among people with serious mental illnesses: The role of specific emotions and sex. Psychiatry Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2019.01.082
  16. Hernandez, B. C. (2011). The religiosity and spirituality scale for youth: development and initial validation. Dissertation, 42.
  17. Hodapp, B., & Zwingmann, C. (2019). Religiosity/Spirituality and Mental Health: A Meta-analysis of Studies from the German-Speaking Area. Journal of Religion and Health. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-019-00759-0
  18. Jafari, E., Dehshiri, G. R., Eskandari, H., Najafi, M., Heshmati, R., & Hoseinifar, J. (2010). Spiritual well-being and mental health in university students. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 5, 1477–1481.
  19. Keyes, C. L., & Lopez, S. J. (2002). Toward a science of mental health. Handbook of Positive Psychology, 45–59.
  20. Kitzrow, M. A. (2009). The mental health needs of today’s college students: Challenges and recommendations. NASPA Journal, 46(4), 646–660.
  21. Koenig, H. G., & Al Shohaib, S. S. (2019). Religiosity and Mental Health in Islam. In H. S. Moffic, J. Peteet, A. Z. Hankir, & R. Awaad (Eds.), Islamophobia and Psychiatry (pp. 55–65). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00512-2_5
  22. Koenig, H. G., Al Zaben, F., & Khalifa, D. A. (2012). Religion, spirituality and mental health in the West and the Middle East. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 5(2), 180–182.
  23. Manwell, L. A., Barbic, S. P., Roberts, K., Durisko, Z., Lee, C., Ware, E., & McKenzie, K. (2015). What is mental health? Evidence towards a new definition from a mixed methods multidisciplinary international survey. BMJ Open, 5(6), e007079–e007079. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-007079
  24. Mohr, S., Perroud, N., Gillieron, C., Brandt, P.-Y., Rieben, I., Borras, L., & Huguelet, P. (2011). Spirituality and religiousness as predictive factors of outcome in schizophrenia and schizo-affective disorders. Psychiatry Research, 186(2–3), 177–182.
  25. Nelms, L. W., Hutchins, E., Hutchins, D., & Pursley, R. J. (2007). Spirituality and the Health of College Students. Journal of Religion and Health, 46(2), 249–265. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-006-9075-0
  26. Pant, N., & Srivastava, S. K. (2019). The Impact of Spiritual Intelligence, Gender and Educational Background on Mental Health Among College Students. Journal of Religion and Health, 58(1), 87–108. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-017-0529-3
  27. Park, N. S., Lee, B. S., Sun, F., Klemmack, D. L., Roff, L. L., & Koenig, H. G. (2013). Typologies of religiousness/spirituality: Implications for health and well-being. Journal of Religion and Health, 52(3), 828–839.
  28. Sartorius, N. (2002). Fighting for Mental Health: A Personal View. Cambridge University Press.
  29. Weber, S. R., & Pargament, K. I. (2014). The role of religion and spirituality in mental health. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 27(5), 358–363.
  30. Wong, Y. J., Rew, L., & Slaikeu, K. D. (2006). A systematic review of recent research on adolescent religiosity/spirituality and mental health. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 27(2), 161–183.