Dampak ketakutan akan Covid-19 terhadap stres kerja, niat keluar, kepuasan kerja dan trauma sekunder: peran moderasi dukungan supervisor
-
Published: December 30, 2022
-
Page: 1154-1164
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) dianggap sebagai ancaman besar bagi kesehatan masyarakat di dunia. Tenaga kesehatan mengalami tekanan besar dalam memberikan perawatan kesehatan bagi pasien terinfeksi Covid-19, yang akan berpengaruh pada kualitas pelayanan kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai dampak ketakutan akan Covid-19 terhadap stres kerja, niat keluar dari organisasi dan profesi, kepuasan kerja dan trauma sekunder, yang dimoderasi oleh dukungan supervisor. Penelitian ini bermanfaat untuk menginspirasi manajemen dalam mempersiapkan strategi untuk mengurangi dampak ketakutan akan Covid-19 dalam rangka meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan kesehatan. Penelitian dilakukan pada perawat rumah sakit umum swasta dengan sampel sebanyak 222 orang yang diambil menggunakan metode simple random sampling. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner online yang terdiri dari 6 skala yaitu “The Fear of Covid-19 Scale, The Job Stress Scale (JSS), Two Single-Item Measures of Turnover Intention, The Job Satisfaction Index (JSI), Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale (STSS), Leadership Support Scale”. Analisis data menggunakan analisis multivariat dengan teknik korelasi kanonikal dengan bantuan aplikasi SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel ketakutan akan Covid-19 mempengaruhi stres kerja, niat keluar dari organisasi dan profesi, kepuasan kerja dan trauma sekunder. Variabel dukungan supervisor sebagai pemoderasi mempengaruhi hubungan antara variabel ketakutan akan Covid-19 dengan stres kerja, kepuasan kerja dan trauma sekunder, tapi tidak mempengaruhi hubungan ketakutan akan Covid-19 dengan niat keluar dari organisasi dan profesi.
References
- Abd-Ellatif, E. E., Anwar, M. M., AlJifri, A. A., & el Dalatony, M. M. (2021). Fear of COVID-19 and Its Impact on Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention Among Egyptian Physicians. Safety and Health at Work, 12(4), 490–495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2021.07.007
- Afzal, S., Arshad, M., Saleem, S., & Farooq, O. (2019). The impact of perceived supervisor support on employees’ turnover intention and task performance: Mediation of self-efficacy. Journal of Management Development, 38(5), 369–382. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-03-2019-0076
- Ahorsu, D. K., Lin, C. Y., Imani, V., Saffari, M., Griffiths, M. D., & Pakpour, A. H. (2020). The Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Development and Initial Validation. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 20(3), 1537–1545. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00270-8
- Alnazly, E., Khraisat, O. M., Al-Bashaireh, A. M., & Bryant, C. L. (2021). Anxiety, depression, stress, fear and social support during COVID-19 pandemic among Jordanian healthcare workers. PLoS ONE, 16(3 March). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247679
- Antaranews. (2021). Gelombang I dan II COVID-19 di Indonesia. Retrieved July 16, 2022, from https://www.antaranews.com/infografik/2275510/gelombang-i-dan-ii-covid-19-di-indonesi
- Blau P.M. (1964). Exchange and Power in Social Life. John Wiley & Sons.
- Bradley, J. R., & Cartwright, S. (2002). and Job Satisfaction Among Nurses in the United Kingdom. In International Journal of Stress Management (Vol. 9).
- Bride, B. E., Jones, J. L., & MacMaster, S. A. (2007). Correlates of secondary traumatic stress in child protective services workers. Journal of Evidence-Based Social Work, 4(3–4), 69–80. https://doi.org/10.1300/J394v04n03_05
- Bride, B. E., Robinson, M. M., Yegidis, B., & Figley, C. R. (2004). Development and Validation of the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale. Research on Social Work Practice, 14(1), 27–35. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049731503254106
- Cole, M. S., Bruch, H., & Vogel, B. (2006, June). Emotion as mediators of the relations between perceived supervisor support and psychological hardiness on employee cynicism. Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol. 27, pp. 463–484. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.381
- Cui, S., Jiang, Y., Shi, Q., Zhang, L., Kong, D., Qian, M., & Chu, J. (2021). Impact of covid-19 on anxiety, stress, and coping styles in nurses in emergency departments and fever clinics: A cross-sectional survey. Risk Management and Healthcare Policy, 14, 585–594. https://doi.org/10.2147/RMHP.S289782
- de los Santos, J. A. A., & Labrague, L. J. (2021). The impact of fear of COVID-19 on job stress, and turnover intentions of frontline nurses in the community: A cross-sectional study in the Philippines. Traumatology, 27(1), 52–59. https://doi.org/10.1037/trm0000294
- Dirani, K. M., Abadi, M., Alizadeh, A., Barhate, B., Garza, R. C., Gunasekara, N., … Majzun, Z. (2020). Leadership competencies and the essential role of human resource development in times of crisis: a response to Covid-19 pandemic. Human Resource Development International, 380–394. https://doi.org/10.1080/13678868.2020.1780078
- Eisenberger R., & Huntington R. (1986). Perceived Organizational Support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(3), 500–507.
- Falatah, R. (2021). The Impact of the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic on Nurses’ Turnover Intention: An Integrative Review. Nursing Reports, 11(4), 787–810. https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep11040075
- Gubernur Jawa Tengah. (2020, March 15). Rumah sakit rujukan penanggulangan penyakit infeksi emerging tertentu lini kedua di Jawa Tengah.
- House R.J., & Rizzo J.R. (1972). Role Conflict and Ambiquity as Critical Variables in a Model of Organizational Behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 7, 467–505.
- Irshad M., Khattak S.A, Hassan M.M., Majeed M., & Bashir S. (2020). How perceived threat of Covid-19 causes turnover intention among Pakistani nurses: A moderation and mediation analysis. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing. Retrieved from 10.1111/inm.12775
- Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2022). Situasi Covid-19 (Kumulatif).
- Khattak, S. R., Saeed, I., Rehman, S. U., & Fayaz, M. (2021). Impact of Fear of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Mental Health of Nurses in Pakistan. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 26(5), 421–435. https://doi.org/10.1080/15325024.2020.1814580
- Kollie, E. S., Winslow, B. J., Pothier, P., & Gaede, D. (2017). Deciding to work during the Ebola outbreak: The voices and experiences of nurses and midwives in Liberia. International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences, 7, 75–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijans.2017.09.002
- Labrague, L. J., & de los Santos, J. A. A. (2021). Fear of COVID-19, psychological distress, work satisfaction and turnover intention among frontline nurses. Journal of Nursing Management, 29(3), 395–403. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13168
- Labrague, L., los Santos, Jaad., Falguera, C., Nwafor, C., Galabay, J., Rosales, R., … Los Santos Jaa, D. (2020). Predictors of nurses’ turnover intention at one and five years’ time.
- Lee, M. S., Shin, S., & Hong, E. (2021). Factors affecting secondary traumatic stress of nurses caring for COVID-19 patients in South Korea. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(13). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136843
- Lu, H., While, A. E., & Barriball, K. L. (2007). Job satisfaction and its related factors: A questionnaire survey of hospital nurses in Mainland China. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 44(4), 574–588. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2006.07.007
- Mahfud, I., & Gumantan, A. (2020). Survey Of Student Anxiety Levels During The Covid-19 Pandemic. Jp.Jok (Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani, Olahraga Dan Kesehatan), 4(1), 86–97. https://doi.org/10.33503/jp.jok.v4i1.1103
- Maiorano, T., Vagni, M., Giostra, V., & Pajardi, D. (2020). COVID-19: Risk factors and protective role of resilience and coping strategies for emergency stress and secondary trauma in medical staff and emergency workers—an online-based inquiry. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(21), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12219004
- Masterson, S. S. (2001). A Trickle-Down Model of Organizational Justice: Relating Employees’ and Customers’ Perceptions of and Reactions to Fairness The Service Employee-Customer Relationship. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(4), 594–604. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-901Q.86.4.594
- Said, R. M., & El-Shafei, D. A. (2021). Occupational stress, job satisfaction, and intent to leave: nurses working on front lines during COVID-19 pandemic in Zagazig City, Egypt. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(7), 8791–8801. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11235-8
- Schriesheim, Chester, & Tsui A.S. (1980). Development and Validation of a Short Satisfaction Instrument for Use in Survey Feedback Interventions. Western Academy of Management Meeting, 115–117.
- Simard, K., & Parent-Lamarche, A. (2021). Abusive leadership, psychological well-being, and intention to quit during the COVID-19 pandemic: a moderated mediation analysis among Quebec’s healthcare system workers. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 95(2), 437–450. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-021-01790-z
- Susilo, A., Olivia, C., Jasirwan, M., Wafa, S., Maria, S., Rajabto, W., … Gabriella, S. (2022). TINJAUAN PUSTAKA Review of Current Literatures. In Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia | (Vol. 9).
- Ünver, S., & Yeniğün, S. C. (2021). COVID-19 Fear Level of Surgical Nurses Working in Pandemic and Surgical Units. Journal of Perianesthesia Nursing, 36(6), 711–716. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jopan.2021.04.014
- Vagni, M., Maiorano, T., Giostra, V., & Pajardi, D. (2020). Hardiness, stress and secondary trauma in Italian healthcare and emergency workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(14). https://doi.org/10.3390/su12145592
- WHO. (2022). WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard.
- Zare, S., Mohammadi dameneh, M., Esmaeili, R., Kazemi, R., Naseri, S., & Panahi, D. (2021). Occupational stress assessment of health care workers (HCWs) facing COVID-19 patients in Kerman province hospitals in Iran. Heliyon, 7(5). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07035