Safety behavior model based on safety competence, culture, and awareness

  • Saptana Tri Prasetiawan 
    Institut Transportasi & Logistik (ITL) Trisakti
    Indonesia
  • Irdham Ahmad
    Universitas Pertahanan, Jakarta
    Indonesia
  • Aswanti Setyawati
    Universitas Pertahanan, Jakarta
    Indonesia
  • Munawaroh Zainal
    Universitas Pertahanan, Jakarta
    Indonesia

Abstract

Safety behavior is crucial to reducing the potential for ship accidents. Therefore, the research focuses on investigating and finding an empirical model of the influence of safety competence and safety culture on crew safety behavior through safety awareness. The research uses a quantitative approach with survey methods and causal design. The sample was 250 crew members. The research instrument used was a questionnaire designed as a Likert scale with five options for responses. The questionnaire was distributed in Google Form format via the WhatsApp application. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The research results show that safety competence, safety culture, and safety awareness have a significant effect on safety behavior; safety competence and safety culture have a significant effect on safety awareness; and safety competence and safety culture significantly affect safety behavior through safety awareness. These findings promote a new empirical model of the effect of safety competence and safety culture on crew safety behavior through safety awareness. This new model deserves critical discussion by researchers, academics, and practitioners before being adopted, adapted, or modified for their future work in the future.
Keywords
  • Safety competence
  • Safety culture
  • Safety awareness
  • Safety behavior
References
  1. Ahmad, I., & Octavian, A. (2022). Buku ajar pengantar statistika pertahanan. Bogor: UNHAN RI Press.
  2. Antonsen, S. (2017). Safety culture: Theory, Method and Improvement (1st ed.). London: CRC Press.
  3. Asmani, L. (2020). Promote safety culture and enhance safety performance through safety behaviour. EJBMR, European Journal of Business and Management Research, 5(4), 1-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2020.5.4.405.
  4. Aytac, S., & Dursun, S. (2018). The effect on the safety culture of occupational accidents and safety behavior: The case of Turkey. 11 June 2018, 38th International Academic Conference, Prague, 20-28. https://doi.org/10.20472/IAC.2018.038.005.
  5. Ayu, N.R.I., Suratmi, Handayani, P.A., Rahmawati, A.N., Laili, N., Septianingtyas, M.C.A., Suriyani, Kushayati, N., Vianitati, P., & Nofianti. (2020). Keselamatan pasien dan keselamatan kesehatan kerja dalam keperawatan. Makassar: Rizmedia Pustaka Indonesia.
  6. Bossema J. (2014). Increasing students' safety awareness in a teaching hotel. Research in Hospitality Management, 4(1-2), 85-90. https://doi.org/10.1080/22243534.2014.11828318.
  7. Chung, W. H., & Noh, G. O. (2021). The influence of disaster safety awareness on the safety competency of college students. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education, 12(13), 5883-5888.
  8. Cooper, M. D., M. Collinsb, R. Bernardb, S. Schwannc, & R. J. Knoxd. (2019). Criterion-related validity of the cultural web when assessing safety culture. Journal Elsevier Safety Science, 111, pp. 49-66.
  9. Cronenwett, L., Sherwood, G., Barnsteiner, J., Disch, J., Johnson, J., Mitchell, P., Sullivan, D. T., & Warren, J. (2007). Quality and safety education for nurses. Nurs. Outlook, 55(3), 122–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2007.02.006.
  10. DuPont Company. (2005)/Not Walking The Talk: DuPonts’s Untold Safety Failures. http://assets. usw. org/resources/hse/resources/Walking-theTalk-Duponts-Untold-Safety-Failures. pdf. (sitasi, 02 September 2022).
  11. Dursun, S. (2011). An aplication for the impact on safety performance of safety culture (doctoral dissertation). Bursa: Uludag University.
  12. Faizah, A., Rumengan, J., Nurhatisyah, Yanti, S., & Dewi, N. P. (2020). Influence of servant leadership, organizational safety culture and work environment on organizational citizenship behavior in application of patient safety with affective organizational commitment. IAIC International Conferences, 3(2), 140-150.
  13. Fung, I. W. H., Tam, V. W. Y., Sing, C. P., Tang, K. K. W., & Ogunlana, S. O. (2016). Psychological climate in occupational safety and health: the safety awareness of construction workers in South China. International Journal Proj Manage, 16(4), 315-325. https://doi.org/10.1080/15623599.2016.1146114
  14. Gurbuz, H., & Ibrakovic, H. (2017). Work safety, safety performance and safety culture in businesses. Sobider J Soc Sci, 4(11), 442-469. http://dx.doi.org/10.16990/SOBIDER.3449
  15. Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & R. E. Anderson. (2018). Multivariate data analysis (8th ed.). India: Cengage.
  16. Hussain, U., Shoukat, M. H., & Haider, M. S. (2019). Analysis of safety awareness, accident prevention and implementation of behavior based safety program in energy utility. 2019 the 6th International Conference on Frontiers of Industrial Engineering, 84-88.
  17. International Labour Organization (ILO). (2015). Guidelines for implementing the occupational safety and health provisions of the Maritime Labour Convention, 2006. International Labour Office, Sectoral Policies Department and International Labour Standards Department, Geneva, ILO.
  18. Jones, A. D. (2013). The impact of integrating Quality and Safety Education for Nurses’ safety competency in first-year associate degree nursing students. Teaching and Learning in Nursing, 8(4), 140-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.teln.2013.06.001.
  19. Kerlinger, F. N. (2006). Asas-asas Penelitian Behaviral. Penerjemah Landung R. Simatupang. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mawa University Press.
  20. Kiani, F., & Khodabakhsh, M. R. (2014). Promoting individual learning for trainees with perceived high helplessness: experiences of a safety training program. Iranian Journal of Health Sciences, 8(4), 19–28.
  21. Korkmaz, S., & Park, D. J. (2019). The effect of safety communication network characteristics on safety awareness and behavior in an LNG terminal. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 1-29. https://doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2019.15680
  22. Langari, M. N. M., Tella, S., Smith, N-J., & Turunen, H. (2017). Self-assessment of patient safety competence: a questionnaire survey of final year british and finnish pre-registration nursing students. International Journal of Caring Sciences, 10(3), 1-12.
  23. Li, S., Wu, X., Asce, S.M., Wang, X., & Hu, S. (2020). Relationship between social capital, safety competency, and safety behaviors of construction workers. J. Constr. Eng. Manage, 146(6), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0001838
  24. Li, Z., Bao, X., Sheng, Y., & Xia, Y. (2021). Research on unsafe behavior of construction workers under the bidirectional effect of formal rule awareness and conformity mentality. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 794394, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.794394.
  25. Liao, P. , Jiang, L. , Liu, B. , Chen, C. , Fang, D. , Rao, P. and Zhang, M. (2014) A Cognitive Perspective on the Safety Communication Factors That Affect Worker Behavior. Journal of Building Construction and Planning Research, 2, 183-197. doi: 10.4236/jbcpr.2014.23017.
  26. Lutchman, C., Rohanie, & Ghanem, W. (2012). Safety management a comprehensive approach to developing a sustainable system. Boca Raton: CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group.
  27. Mangkunegara, A. A. A. P. (2016). Manajemen sumber daya manusia. Bandung: Remaja Rosda Karya.
  28. Marynissen, H., Ladkin, D., Denyer, D., & Pilbeam, C. (2014). The constitutive role of safety communication in an organization managing high-risk processes. The Constitutive Role of Safety Communication, SSRN Electronic Journal, 1-24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2554051.
  29. Mohamed, S. (2002). Safety climate in construction site environments. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 128(5), 375–384. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(2002)128:5(375).
  30. Mohammadfam, I., Mahdinia, M., Soltanzadeh, A., Mirzaei Aliabadi, M., & Soltanian, A. R. (2021). A path analysis model of individual variables predicting safety behavior and human error: The mediating effect of situation awareness. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 84, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2021.103144.
  31. Naevestad, T-O, Laiou, A., Phillips, R. O., Bjørnskau, T., & Yannis, G. (2019). Safety culture among private and professional drivers in norway and greece: Examining the influence of national road safety culture. Safety, 5(20), 1-33. https://doi.org/10.3390/safety5020020.
  32. Neal, A., & Griffin, M. A. (2006). A study of the lagged relationships among safety climate, safety motivation, safety behavior, and accidents at the individual and group levels. J Appl Psychol, 91(4), 946-53. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.91.4.946. PMID:16834517.
  33. Neuman, W. (2014). Social research methods: qualitative and quantitative. approaches (7th ed.). Assex: Pearson Education Limited.
  34. Osman, R., Awang, N., Hassan, S. A. H. S., & Yusof, M. N. (2015). Level of awareness on behaviour-based safety (BBS) in manufacturing industry towards reducing workplace incidents. International Journal of Education and Research, 3(1), 77-88. www.ijern.com.
  35. Riadi, M. (2021). Perilaku keselamatan (safety behavior) - Pengertian, Aspek, dan Contoh. KajianPustaka.com (https://www.kajianpustaka.com/2021/10/perilaku-keselamatan-safety-behavior.html).
  36. Richter, A., & Koch, C., 2004. Integration, differentiation and ambiguity in safety cultures. Safety Science, 42(8), 703–722. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2003.12.003.
  37. Schein, E. H. (2010). Organizational Culture and Leadership (4th ed.). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
  38. Seo, H-C., Lee, Y-S., Kim, J-J., & Jee, N-Y. (2015). Analyzing safety behaviors of temporary construction workers using structural equation modeling. Saf. Sci, 77, 160–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2015.03.010
  39. Song, K-S., Ahn, B-J., & Rhim, J-K. (2019). The effect of safety culture on the safety awareness and safety behavior of manufacturing workers. Journal of the Korean Society of Safety, 34(6), 65-75. https://doi.org/10.14346/JKOSOS.2019.34.6.65.
  40. Uzuntarla, F., Kucukali, S., & Uzuntarla, Y. (2020). An analysis on the relationship between safety awareness and safety behaviors of healthcare professionals, Ankara/Turkey. Journal of Occupational Health, 62(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1002/1348-9585.12129.
  41. Wang, M., Sun, J., Du, H., & Wang, C. (2018). Relations between safety climate, awareness, and behavior in the chinese construction industry: A hierarchical linear investigation. Hindawi Advances in Civil Engineering, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6580375.
  42. Welianto, A. (2020). Permasalahan yang Terjadi di Laut Indonesia. (https://www.kompas.com/skola/read/2020/08/04/133000869/permasalahan-yang-terjadi-di-laut-indonesia?page=all, diakses, 29-08-2023).
  43. Widodo. (2021). Metodologi Penelitian Populer dan Praktis. Jakarta: Rajagrafindo Press.
  44. Widyanty, W., Wibowo, M. W., & Puspa, R. (2021). The effect of safety consciousness on safety citizenship behavior mediated by safety motivation and safety knowledge in the manufacturing industry. IAR Journal of Business Management, 2(1), 40-46. : https://www.iarconsortium.org/journal-info/IARJBM.
  45. Winarsunu, T. (2018). Psikologi Keselamatan Kerja. Malang: UMM Press.
  46. Yilmaz, F., & Celebi, U. B. (2015). The importance of safety in construction sectors: costs of occupational accidents in construction sites. Business and Economics Research Journal, 6(2), 25-37.
  47. Zin, S. M., & Ismail, F. (2012). Employers’ behavioural safety compliance factors toward occupational, safety and health improvement in the construction industry. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 36, 742-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.03.081.
  48. Zwell, M. (2012). Creating a culture of competence. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.

Downloads

PDF

Statistic

Abstract Views
: 755 times
PDF
: 34 times