Innovative circular economy approaches in e-waste management: a case study of telkomcel timor leste

Graciano Andre Damiao Maia (1), Ratna Lindawati Lubis (2), Irni Yunita (3),
(1) Universitas Telkom  Indonesia
(2) Universitas Telkom  Indonesia
(3) Universitas Telkom  Indonesia

Corresponding Author


DOI : https://doi.org/10.29210/020244608

Full Text:    Language : en

Abstract


This study evaluates the application of circular economy principles in managing e-waste at Telkomcel Timor Leste, a leading telecommunications company in the country. Timor Leste is facing increasing challenges in e-waste management due to the growing use of technological devices, which contributes to the rising volume of electronic waste. Inadequate management of e-waste poses significant environmental and health risks, including pollution and the leaching of harmful substances into the soil and water. The study uses a mixed-methods approach, including secondary data analysis and in-depth interviews with key stakeholders at Telkomcel, involving 4 respondents from various stackholder related to waste management and sustainability. The analysis focuses on Telkomcel's strategies in implementing circular economy practices, such as device refurbishment, recycling programs, and internal policies. The findings reveal that while Telkomcel has taken significant steps toward adopting a circular economy model, challenges remain, including limited infrastructure, low public awareness, and insufficient recycling facilities. Notably, Telkomcel has initiated internal policies promoting e-waste collection, repair, and reuse of devices, yet the company faces barriers in scaling these efforts. The study highlights the importance of strengthening collaboration with third-party recycling partners, expanding the recycling infrastructure, and raising public awareness through education campaigns. This research is significant in the context of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production) and SDG 13 (Climate Action), as it emphasizes the need for sustainable e-waste management practices to mitigate environmental impact and contribute to long-term resource efficiency. The study concludes with recommendations for Telkomcel to enhance its sustainability efforts by improving infrastructure, increasing public education on e-waste recycling, and advocating for stronger government regulations. These efforts are expected to support sustainable development in Timor Leste while minimizing the environmental consequences of improper e-waste disposal.

Keywords


Circular Economy Electronic Waste Waste Processing

References


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Arora, R., Mutz, D., & Mohanraj, P. (2023). Innovating for the Circular Economy: Driving Sustainable Transformation. CRC Press.

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Chen, Y., Kumara, E. K., & Sivakumar, V. (2021). Invesitigation of finance industry on risk awareness model and digital economic growth. Annals of Operations Research, 1–22.

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Okogwu, C., Agho, M. O., Adeyinka, M. A., Odulaja, B. A., Eyo-Udo, N. L., Daraojimba, C., & Banso, A. A. (2023). Exploring the integration of sustainable materials in supply chain management for environmental impact. Engineering Science & Technology Journal, 4(3), 49–65.

Patton, C. M. (2020). Phenomenology for the holistic nurse researcher: Underpinnings of descriptive and interpretive traditions. Journal of Holistic Nursing, 38(3), 278–286.

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Sarkhoshkalat, M. M., Afkham, A., Bonyadi Manesh, M., & Sarkhosh, M. (2024). Circular Economy and the Recycling of E-Waste. In New Technologies for Energy Transition Based on Sustainable Development Goals: Factors Contributing to Global Warming (pp. 319–354). Springer.

Spearing, L. A., Bakchan, A., Hamlet, L. C., Stephens, K. K., Kaminsky, J. A., & Faust, K. M. (2022). Comparing qualitative analysis techniques for construction engineering and management research: The case of arctic water infrastructure. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 148(7), 04022058.

Wikurendra, E. A. (2022). Waste Management with Circular Economy Approach in Indonesia. ECONOMIC, 19.

Xavier, L. H., Giese, E. C., Ribeiro-Duthie, A. C., & Lins, F. A. F. (2021). Sustainability and the circular economy: A theoretical approach focused on e-waste urban mining. Resources Policy, 74, 101467.

Xue, C., Shu, Y., Hayter, M., & Lee, A. (2020). Experiences of nurses involved in natural disaster relief: A meta‐synthesis of qualitative literature. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 29(23–24), 4514–4531

Abubakar, A., Zangina, A. S., Maigari, A. I., Badamasi, M. M., Ishak, M. Y., Abdullahi, A. S., & Haruna, J. A. (2022). Pollution of heavy metal threat posed by e-waste burning and its assessment of human health risk. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(40), 61065–61079.

Adekomaya, O., & Majozi, T. (2022). Promoting natural cycle and environmental resilience: a pathway toward sustainable development. South African Journal of Chemical Engineering, 42, 229–240.

Anas, N., & Ishaq, K. (2022). Qualitative research method in social and behavioural science research. International Journal of Management, Social Sciences, Peace and Conflict Studies, 5(1), 89–93.

Arora, R., Mutz, D., & Mohanraj, P. (2023). Innovating for the Circular Economy: Driving Sustainable Transformation. CRC Press.

Blomsma, F., & Tennant, M. (2020). Circular economy: Preserving materials or products? Introducing the Resource States framework. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 156, 104698.

Byrne, D. (2022). A worked example of Braun and Clarke’s approach to reflexive thematic analysis. Quality & Quantity, 56(3), 1391–1412.

Chen, Y., Kumara, E. K., & Sivakumar, V. (2021). Invesitigation of finance industry on risk awareness model and digital economic growth. Annals of Operations Research, 1–22.

Dawadi, S. (2020). Thematic analysis approach: A step by step guide for ELT research practitioners. Journal of NELTA, 25(1–2), 62–71.

Delchet-Cochet, K. (2020). Circular economy: from waste reduction to value creation. John Wiley & Sons.

Di Vaio, A., Palladino, R., Hassan, R., & Escobar, O. (2020). Artificial intelligence and business models in the sustainable development goals perspective: A systematic literature review. Journal of Business Research, 121, 283–314.

Dutta, D., Rautela, R., Gujjala, L. K. S., Kundu, D., Sharma, P., Tembhare, M., & Kumar, S. (2023). A review on recovery processes of metals from E-waste: A green perspective. Science of the Total Environment, 859, 160391.

Egard, H., & Hansson, K. (2023). The digital society comes sneaking in. An emerging field and its disabling barriers. Disability & Society, 38(5), 761–775.

Elroi, H., Zbigniew, G., & Agnieszka, W.-C. (2023). Enhancing waste resource efficiency: circular economy for sustainability and energy conversion. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 11, 1303792.

Ghulam, S. T., & Abushammala, H. (2023). Challenges and opportunities in the management of electronic waste and its impact on human health and environment. Sustainability, 15(3), 1837.

Islam, A., Ahmed, T., Awual, M. R., Rahman, A., Sultana, M., Abd Aziz, A., Monir, M. U., Teo, S. H., & Hasan, M. (2020). Advances in sustainable approaches to recover metals from e-waste-A review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 244, 118815.

Islam, A., Swaraz, A. M., Teo, S. H., Taufiq-Yap, Y. H., Vo, D.-V. N., Ibrahim, M. L., Abdulkreem-Alsultan, G., Rashid, U., & Awual, M. R. (2021). Advances in physiochemical and biotechnological approaches for sustainable metal recovery from e-waste: A critical review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 323, 129015.

Islam, M. T., Dias, P., & Huda, N. (2021). Young consumers’e-waste awareness, consumption, disposal, and recycling behavior: A case study of university students in Sydney, Australia. Journal of Cleaner Production, 282, 124490.

Kalia, P., Zia, A., & Mladenović, D. (2022). Examining country development indicators and e-waste under the moderating effect of country development levels and e-waste policy. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 39(7), 1601–1616.

Kandpal, V., Jaswal, A., Santibanez Gonzalez, E. D. R., & Agarwal, N. (2024). Sustainable Energy Transition, Circular Economy, and ESG Practices. In Sustainable Energy Transition: Circular Economy and Sustainable Financing for Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) Practices (pp. 1–51). Springer.

Korra, C. (2022). Navigating the Environmental Footprint: Pathways to a Circular Economy. International Journal of Research Radicals in Multidisciplinary Fields, ISSN: 2960-043X, 1(2), 83–92.

Kurniawan, T. A., Othman, M. H. D., Hwang, G. H., & Gikas, P. (2022). Unlocking digital technologies for waste recycling in Industry 4.0 era: A transformation towards a digitalization-based circular economy in Indonesia. Journal of Cleaner Production, 357, 131911.

Laukkanen, M., & Tura, N. (2020). The potential of sharing economy business models for sustainable value creation. Journal of Cleaner Production, 253, 120004.

Lim, W. M. (2024). What is qualitative research? An overview and guidelines. Australasian Marketing Journal, 14413582241264620.

Mahaputra, M. R., & Saputra, F. (2022). Determination of public purchasing power and brand image of cooking oil scarcity and price increases of essential commodities. International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary, 1(1), 36–46.

Milios, L. (2021). Overarching policy framework for product life extension in a circular economy—A bottom‐up business perspective. Environmental Policy and Governance, 31(4), 330–346.

Okogwu, C., Agho, M. O., Adeyinka, M. A., Odulaja, B. A., Eyo-Udo, N. L., Daraojimba, C., & Banso, A. A. (2023). Exploring the integration of sustainable materials in supply chain management for environmental impact. Engineering Science & Technology Journal, 4(3), 49–65.

Patton, C. M. (2020). Phenomenology for the holistic nurse researcher: Underpinnings of descriptive and interpretive traditions. Journal of Holistic Nursing, 38(3), 278–286.

Pramono, K., & Hanita, M. (2021). Strategy for Strengthening Nation Character Building in Facing the Challenges of the Information Age. Journal of Strategic and Global Studies, 4(1), 11.

Rawat, S., Verma, L., & Singh, J. (2020). Environmental hazards and management of E-waste. Environmental Concerns and Sustainable Development: Volume 2: Biodiversity, Soil and Waste Management, 381–398.

Rene, E. R., Sethurajan, M., Ponnusamy, V. K., Kumar, G., Dung, T. N. B., Brindhadevi, K., & Pugazhendhi, A. (2021). Electronic waste generation, recycling and resource recovery: Technological perspectives and trends. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 416, 125664.

Safarpour, H., Fooladlou, S., Safi-Keykaleh, M., Mousavipour, S., Pirani, D., Sahebi, A., Ghodsi, H., Farahi-Ashtiani, I., & Dehghani, A. (2020). Challenges and barriers of humanitarian aid management in 2017 Kermanshah earthquake: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health, 20, 1–10.

Sarkhoshkalat, M. M., Afkham, A., Bonyadi Manesh, M., & Sarkhosh, M. (2024). Circular Economy and the Recycling of E-Waste. In New Technologies for Energy Transition Based on Sustainable Development Goals: Factors Contributing to Global Warming (pp. 319–354). Springer.

Spearing, L. A., Bakchan, A., Hamlet, L. C., Stephens, K. K., Kaminsky, J. A., & Faust, K. M. (2022). Comparing qualitative analysis techniques for construction engineering and management research: The case of arctic water infrastructure. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 148(7), 04022058.

Wikurendra, E. A. (2022). Waste Management with Circular Economy Approach in Indonesia. ECONOMIC, 19.

Xavier, L. H., Giese, E. C., Ribeiro-Duthie, A. C., & Lins, F. A. F. (2021). Sustainability and the circular economy: A theoretical approach focused on e-waste urban mining. Resources Policy, 74, 101467.

Xue, C., Shu, Y., Hayter, M., & Lee, A. (2020). Experiences of nurses involved in natural disaster relief: A meta‐synthesis of qualitative literature. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 29(23–24), 4514–4531.


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