Digital divide: how is Indonesian public service affected?

Edy Sutrisno; Mala Sondang Silitonga; Rima Ranintya Yusuf; Alih Aji Nugroho

doi:10.29210/020244613

Digital divide: how is Indonesian public service affected?

Edy Sutrisno

⁽¹⁾, Mala Sondang Silitonga ⁽²⁾, Rima Ranintya Yusuf ⁽³⁾, Alih Aji Nugroho ⁽⁴⁾,
(1) NIPA School of Administration Jakarta Campus

Indonesia
(2) NIPA School of Administration Jakarta Campus

Indonesia
(3) NIPA School of Administration Jakarta Campus

Indonesia
(4) NIPA School of Administration Jakarta Campus

Indonesia

Corresponding Author

DOI : https://doi.org/10.29210/020244613

Full Text:

Language : en

Abstract

This study clearly sets out how much the extent of the digital divide affects e-government services being adopted by Indonesia. Such inequality in access and competence of nations in digital technology is one of the great stumbling blocks erected in the way of the Indonesian government to carry out various programs. The research methodology in this paper is largely qualitative, with a mixed method of case study and literature review of the relevant online media to facilitate a description of the digital divide that translates into the use or nonuse of digital public services. This research seeks to identify trends and relationships that may bind together policy contexts and the digital divide. The data for this research were collected through the analysis of secondary data from a wide range of data sources, including the Indonesia Digital Literacy Index survey 2022 and BPS data, both from the service provider and the service user. The findings of the research point to a very low level of digital literacy in Indonesia, especially in terms of digital security. Mainly, the digital divide complicates the social exclusion of older generations, yet, in principle, digital technologies can help people in the older generation live better lives. The core argument of this report is that cutting the digital divide requires investment, training, and leadership based on trust from the concerned parties to see there is an open fair access to digital services.

Keywords

Digital Devided; Digital Literacy; Indonesian Civil Servant; Digital Governance; Digital Service

References

Arfeen, M. I., & Saranti, D. (2021). Digital Government Strategies for Sustainable Development: A Case Study of Pakistan. preprints.org journals, 31(5), 1-11. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202105.0725.v1

Agbisit, J.B. (2024). Membangun Landasan untuk Literasi Digital. https://theaseanmagazine-asean-org.translate.goog/article/building-foundations-for-digital-literacy/?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=id&_x_tr_hl=id&_x_tr_pto=sge#:~:text=Deklarasi%20ASEAN%20tentang%20Pengembangan%20Sumber,kebijakan%20dan%20program%20digital%20mereka.Al-Hassani, S. M., & Al-Olayan, A. A. (2016). The digital divide: A review of its dimensions, impacts, and implications. International Journal of Information Management, 36(4), 425-435.

Anam, Khoirul. (2023). Paling Rendah di ASEAN, Tingkat Literasi Digital RI Cuma 62%. CNBC Indonesia. https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/tech/20230214171553-37-413790/paling-rendah-di-asean-tingkat-literasi-digital-ri-cuma-62

Baralou, E., & Tsoukas, H. (2015). How is New Organizational Knowledge Created in a Virtual Context? An Ethnographic Study. Organization Studies, 36(5), 593-620. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840614556918

Bartikowski, B., Laroche, M., Jamal, A., & Yang, Z. (2018). The Type-of-internet-access Digital Divide and the Well-being of Ethnic Minority and Majority Consumers: A Multi-country Investigation. Journal of Business Research, 82(6), 373-380. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.05.033

Choi, E. Y., Kim, Y., Chipalo, E., & Lee, H. Y. (2020). Does Perceived Ageism Widen the Digital Divide? And Does It Vary by Gender? The Gerontologist, 60(7), 1213–1223. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnaa066

Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Method Approaches (3rd Ed.). Los Angeles: SAGE Publications.

Dijk, J. van. (2020). The Digital Divide. Polity Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 72(1), 136-138. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.1002/asi.24355 DiMaggio, P., & Hargittai, E. (2001). Gaps in the digital divide: Race, ethnicity, and access to the internet in the United States. American Behavioral Scientist, 45(3), 382-400.

Dwivedi, Y. K., Sahu, G. P., Rana, N. P., Singh, M., & Chandwani, R. K. (2016). Common Services Centres (CSCs) as an approach to bridge the digital divide. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, 10(4), 511–525. https://doi.org/10.1108/tg-01-2016-0006

Ebbers, W. E., & Van Dijk, J. A. (2007). Resistance and support to electronic government, building a model of innovation. Government Information Quarterly, 24(3), 554–575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2006.09.008

Gerli, P., & Whalley, J. (2021). Fibre to the countryside: A comparison of public and community initiatives tackling the rural digital divide in the UK. Telecommunications Policy, 45(10), 102222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2021.102222

Gilbert, M. (2010). Theorizing digital and urban inequalities: Critical geographies of ‘race’, gender and technological Capital. Inf., Commun. Soc, 13(7), 1000–1018. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2010.499954

Hanna, N. K. (2008). Transforming Government and Empowering Communities: The Sri Lankan Experience with E-Development. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1596/978-0-8213-7335-4

Hansen, H. K., & Flyverbom, M. (2014). The Politics of Transparency and the Calibration of Knowledge in the Digital Age. Organization, 22(6), 872-889. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1350508414522315

Hargittai, E. (2002). Second-Level Digital Divide: Differences in People’s Online Skills. First Monday, 7(4). https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v7i4.942

Hidayat, F. (2022). Hasil Riset Fasilkom UI, BSSN, ACCI: 67% Sektor Publik di Indonesia Telah Adopsi Cloud Computing. Warta Ekonomi. https://wartaekonomi.co.id/read393944/hasil-riset-fasilkom-ui-bssn-acci-67-sektor-publik-di-indonesia-telah-adopsi-cloud-computing

Hoffman, D. L. (2000). The Revolution Will Not Be Televised: Introduction to the Special Issue on Marketing Science and the Internet. Marketing Science, 19(1), 1-3. https://www.jstor.org/stable/193255

Indonesia Digital Literacy Index Survey 2021. (n.d.). Survei.Literasidigital.Id/Dashboard-Literasi-Digital.

Jayanthi, R., & Dinaseviani, A. (2022). The Digital Gap and Solutions Implemented in Indonesia during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi Komunikasi. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17933/iptekkom.24.2.2022.187-200

Kerras, H., Sánchez-Navarro, J. L., López-Becerra, E. I., & de-Miguel Gómez, M. D. (2020). The impact of the gender digital divide on sustainable development: Comparative analysis between the european union and the maghreb. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(8), 1–30. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU12083347

Kominfo RI. (2020). Laporan Tahunan Kominfo 2020 : Indonesia Terkoneksi.

Kominfo. (2024). Indonesia Dorong ASEAN Bersatu Bangun Era Digital Inklusif. CNN Indonesia. https://www.cnnindonesia.com/teknologi/20240204191511-218-1058424/indonesia-dorong-asean-bersatu-bangun-era-digital-inklusif

Leavitt, H. J. (2002). Technology and Organizations: Where’s the Off Button? Sage Journals, Management Review, 44(2), 126-140. https://doi.org/10.2307/41166126

Lim, J. H. (2010). Digital Divides in Urban E‐Government in South Korea: Exploring Differences in Municipalities’ Use of the Internet for Environmental Governance. Policy & Internet, 2(3), 31–68. https://doi.org/10.2202/1944-2866.1051

Lutz, C. (2019). Digital inequalities in the age of artificial intelligence and big data. Hum. Behav. & Emerg. Tech. , 1, 141–148. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbe2.140

Mack, N., Woodsong, C., Macqueen, K.M., Guest, G., Namey, E. (2005). Qualitative Research Methods: A Data Collector’s Field Guide. USAID. ISBN: 0-939704-98-6

Mossey, S., Bromberg, D., & Manoharan, A. P. (2019). Harnessing the power of mobile technology to bridge the digital divide: a look at U.S. cities’ mobile government capability. Journal of Information Technology and Politics, 16(1), 52–65. https://doi.org/10.1080/19331681.2018.1552224

Mubarak, F., & Suomi, R. (2022). Elderly Forgotten? Digital Exclusion in the Information Age and the Rising Grey Digital Divide. INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing, 59, 1-7. https://doi.org/doi:10.1177/00469580221096272

Organization for Economic Co-Operation And Development. (2001). Understanding the Digital Divide. OECD Digital Economy Papers, No. 49. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1787/236405667766.

Pamungkas, R. B. (2021). Case Study Series #6: Siberkreasi dan Literasi Digital di Indonesia. FISIP UGM.

Pieterson, W., & Ebbers, W. (2008). The use of service channels by citizens in the Netherlands; implications for multi-channel management. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 74(1), 95–110. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852307085736

Ragnedda, M. (2017). The Third Digital Divide: A Weberian Approach to Digital Inequalities. Routledge.

Riggins, F. J., & Dewan, S. (2005). The Digital Divide: Current and Future Research Directions. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 6(12), 298-337. https://doi.org/10.17705/1jais.00074

Rogers, S. E. (2016). Bridging the 21st Century Digital Divide. TechTrends , 60(3), 197–199. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11528-016-0057-0

Scheerder, A., van Deursen, A., & van Dijk, J. (2017). Determinants of Internet skills, uses and outcomes. A systematic review of the second- and third-level digital divide. Telematics and Informatics, 34(8), 1607-1624. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2017.07.007

Seifert, A. (2020). The participatory action research of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 63, 674–676.

Soomro, K. A., Kale, U., Curtis, R., Akcaoglu, M., & Bernstein, M. (2020). Digital Divide among Higher Education Faculty. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 17(1), 1-16. 17(21). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-020-00191-5

Steyaert, J., & Gould, N. (2009). Social Work and the Changing Face of the Digital Divide . The British Journal of Social Work, 39(4), 740–753. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcp022

Sturman, A. (1997). Case Study Methods. In J. P. Keeves (Ed.). Educational Research, Methodology and Measurement: An International Handbook (2nd Ed.). pp. 61–66. Oxford: Pergamon.

Symon, G., & Pritchard, K. (2015). Performing the Responsive and Committed Employee through the Sociomaterial Mangle of Connection. Organization Studies, 36(2), 241-263. 36(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840614556914

Van Deursen, A. J. A. M., Helsper, E. J., & Eynon, R. (2016). Development and validation of the Internet Skills Scale (ISS). Information, Communication & Society, 19(6), 804–823. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2015.1078834

Van Deursen, A., & Mossberger, K. (2018). Any thing for anyone? a new digital divide in internet-of-things skills. Polocy and Internet , 10(2), 122–140. https://doi.org/10.1002/poi3.171

Van Deursen, A., & Van Dijk, J. (2014). The Digital Divide Shifts to Diferences in Usage. New Media & Soc, 16(3), 507–526. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444813487959

Van Dijk, J. (2006). Digital Divide Research, Achievements and Shortcomings. Poetics, 34(4–5), 221-235. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.poetic.2006.05.004

Wei, K. K., Teo, H. H., Chan, H. C., & Tan, B. C. (2011). Conceptualizing and testing a social cognitive model of the digital divide. Information Systems Research, 22(1), 170–187. https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.1090.0273

Xu, C. K., & Tang, T. (2020). Closing the Gap or Widening the Divide: The Impacts of Technology-Enabled Coproduction on Equity in Public Service Delivery. Public Administration Review, 80(6), 962–975. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13222

Article Metrics

Abstract Views : 782 times

PDF Downloaded : 0 times

Refbacks

There are currently no refbacks.